Direct Indirect Speech

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yang pertama Direct and Indirect Speech..
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Direct speech
Direct speech refers to reproducing another person's exact words or saying exactly what someone has said (sometimes called quoted speech)
This an example of direct speech :
-) She said, "Today's lesson is on presentations"
-) "Today's lesson is on presentations," she said

Indirect speech
Indirect speech, doesn’t use quotation marks to enclose what the person said and it doesn’t have to be word for word.
Example :
“I’m going to the cinema”, he said he was going to the cinema.

Tense change
• When reporting speech the tense usually changes. Because when we use reported speech, we are usually talking about time in the past. Note : the reporting verbs that are usually used to report imperative sentence are : Tell, other command, ask, warn, remind.






• When report what someone said, don’t usually repeat their exact words, use our words, we can use reporting word such as tell say as follow by “that clause”

Example :
-) My mother said that she got up at 4 o’clock

In time expression and pronouns :

Direct Speech Indirect Speech
Now
Today/ Tonight
Yesterday
Tomorrow
Last Week
Next Week
Ago Then
That day/ That night
That day before/ The previous day
The next/ Following day
The previous week
The following week/ The week after
Before
This/ These
Here
Pronouns That/ Those
There
They changes according to the context


Modal verb forms also sometimes change :

Direct Speech → Indirect speech
Will → Would
Can → Could
Must → Had to
Shall → Should
May → Might

Note : There is no change to ;could, would, should, might and had to

Example
Direct Speech Indirect Speech
“I might go to the cinema”, he said He said he might go to the cinema